Epilepsy and Exercise: Staying Safe and Active

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide, characterised by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. For individuals living with epilepsy, staying physically active can significantly contribute to overall health and well-being. However, concerns about safety during exercise are common. With the right precautions and strategies, people with epilepsy can enjoy the benefits of exercise while minimising risks.

The two main categories are focal and generalised epilepsy:

Focal Epilepsy

Focal epilepsy involves seizures that originate in a specific area of the brain, and symptoms can include unusual sensations, repetitive movements, or temporary confusion.

Generalised Epilepsy

Generalised epilepsy, on the other hand, affects both sides of the brain from the onset and often leads to seizures like absence seizures; brief lapses in awareness or tonic-clonic seizures; involving muscle stiffness and convulsions.
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Additionally, some individuals may have combined generalised and focal epilepsy or epilepsy that doesn’t fit neatly into these categories. Understanding the specific type of epilepsy is crucial for tailoring treatment and lifestyle adjustments, including exercise routines.

Why Exercise is Beneficial for People with Epilepsy

Regular physical activity has numerous advantages. It can improve mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression—common challenges for people with epilepsy. Exercise also promotes better sleep quality, which can lower the likelihood of seizure triggers. Furthermore, it enhances physical health by improving cardiovascular fitness, strengthening muscles, and supporting a healthy weight. Lastly, exercise can offer social benefits, as participating in group activities or sports fosters a sense of community and belonging.

Choosing the Right Type of Exercise

Not all forms of exercise carry the same level of risk for individuals with epilepsy. Selecting activities that align with your condition and comfort level is key.

Low-Impact Activities:

Walking, yoga, swimming (with supervision), and cycling on stationary bikes are excellent choices for minimising the risk of injury.

Moderate to Vigorous Activities:

Running, aerobics, resistance training or team sports may be suitable for those whose seizures are well-controlled. Always consult your healthcare provider before engaging in higher-intensity activities.

High-Risk Activities:

Activities like rock climbing, scuba diving, or solo swimming can be dangerous for individuals with uncontrolled seizures. These activities should be approached with caution or avoided depending on advice from healthcare professionals. It is important if doing these activities that a proper action plan is in place.

Safety Tips for Exercising with Epilepsy

Consult Your Doctor:

Before starting any new exercise routine, speak with your neurologist or healthcare provider to ensure the activity is safe for your condition.

Know Your Triggers:

Common seizure triggers include lack of sleep, dehydration, overheating, and stress. Take steps to manage these factors before, during, and after exercise.

Exercise with a Buddy:

Having a friend or workout partner who knows how to assist during a seizure can provide peace of mind and immediate help if needed.

Wear Medical ID:

A medical alert bracelet or necklace can inform others of your condition in case of an emergency.

Stay Hydrated and Cool:

Drink plenty of water and avoid exercising in extreme heat. Consider wearing lightweight, breathable clothing.

Choose Safe Environments:

Opt for well-lit, open spaces free from hazards like sharp edges or hard surfaces.

Recognising Warning Signs & Support

It’s crucial to listen to your body. If you feel unusually fatigued, dizzy, or experience an aura, stop exercising immediately and rest. Knowing when to pause or seek help can prevent potential injuries. Educate your family, friends, and workout partners about epilepsy and how they can assist during a seizure. This support network can make a significant difference in your confidence and safety while staying active.

Final Thoughts

Living with epilepsy doesn’t mean you have to miss out on the joys and benefits of exercise. With proper planning, awareness, and precautions, you can create a safe and enjoyable fitness routine that supports both your physical and mental health. Remember, your healthcare provider is your partner in navigating these decisions—don’t hesitate to reach out for guidance.

Zoe Dick – Exercise Physiologist